Go Seattle
A mobile ticketing app for public transit.
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Research Question
How might we promote mobile ticket usage
for King County Public Transportation Services
amongst tourists visiting Seattle?
Video demonstration of our mobile ticketing design solution
Background & Context
Our sponsors challenged us to increase mobile ticket usage for public transportation amongst tourists visiting Seattle. In 2017, an estimated 40 million tourists visited Seattle. Public transportation is confusing in Seattle because there are various services run by different agencies, each with their own ticketing systems that are non transferable. ​
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Mobile Ticketing
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Reduces onboard cash payments
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Increases operational efficiency
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Decreases frequency of fare related operator assault
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Reduces cash handling costs up to $5 million
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Myself and three of my peers redesigned the mobile ticketing app for King County Metro and Sound Transit to improve its usability; and provide tourists with a seamless experience, as they explore and navigate Seattle with public transportation.
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Transit GO Ticket: current mobile ticketing app offered by King County Metro.
Our Process

Research
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Heuristic evaluation
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Field study
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Usability testing
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Interviews
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Surveys

Ideation & Prototyping ​
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Sketching
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Low fidelity wireframes


Evaluation ​​
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Usability testing
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Stakeholder feedback
Iteration ​​​
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High fidelity interactive prototype
Research
Heuristic Evaluation
To start our research and familiarize ourselves with Transit Go Ticket we conducted a heuristic evaluation. Additionally, this helped us develop tasks and scenarios for usability testing.
User presses "BUY Tickets"
Select mode of travel, automatically goes to selection
User selects "QTY" for ticket type, then "add to cart"
User presses "processed to checkout"
Homepage
Store (select mode of travel)
Products available
Cart updated
Shopping cart
If user selects train, must select route, then origin and designation
Cart feature does not allow purchasing a combination of tickets between modes of transportation and forces user to clear cart
User must add payment method (card only) to place order
Key Findings
Match Between System & Real World - Fail
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Modes of travel were listed without visual aids
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Finding the Link Light Rail was not intuitive as it's listed under trains
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Buying a Link Light Rail ticket is confusing due to stops listed alphabetically instead of north to south
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Consistency & Standards - Fail
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Colors are inconsistent between features
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Trip planning feature is visually very different form the rest of the app and usability is poor
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Inconsistent language, ferry and water taxi and light rail and train are used interchangeably when they are different services
Field Interviews & Usability Testing
To better understand how tourists navigate Seattle we went into the field and spoke with them.
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We visited popular tourist destinations including, the Link Light Rail Station at SeaTac Airport, Pike Place Market, and the Seattle Center.
We were able to interview 15 tourists and conduct 5 usability tests with Transit Go Ticket
Key Findings
Lack of Awareness
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Discoverability of Transit Go Ticket was a huge barrier to use
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Signage is lacking in the airport, at stations, and within transit vehicles
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Online discoverability required several clicks
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Unclear Terminology
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Clear and distinct terminology is important as tourists are unfamiliar with the area
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People confused the Link Light Rail for the Monorail and mixed up "University Street" and "University of Washington" stops

The team at the SeaTac Airport Light Rail Station
Lack of Motivation to Download
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Tourists expressed hesitancy to download a city specific transit app
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Felt kiosks were easy and convenient
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Barriers to Downloading the App
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required data and space ​
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short term use
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privacy concerns
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prefer tangible ticket in case phone dies or looses connection
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Trip Planner: Hard to Find and Use
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Too much text
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Desire for a map as a visual aid
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Ticket purchases cannot be made directly from recommended routes

Seattle themed stickers made by the team as participant incentives
Surveys
After our first weekend in the field we composed two surveys. One was administered online via Google Forms to gain a general understanding of people’s attitudes about mobile ticketing and public transportation as tourists. The online survey received 76 responses of which 74 were included. It was distributed using direct messaging and postings on various social media platforms. The other survey was administered in the field with 50 tourists visiting Seattle.
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Distribution of Field Survey
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13 - SeaTac Link Light Rail Platform
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10 - Seattle Center Monorail Platform
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20 - Seattle Center
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7 - Pike Place Market

Field survey
Key Findings
Willingness to go Mobile
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66 respondents were familiar with mobile payments and have used them before
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Respondents were unsure about going mobile in the context of public transit, but could be convinced under the right circumstances
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Desire for information regarding navigation and cost of travel options
How likely are you to download a city specific app to buy tickets for public transit while traveling as a tourist? For example, an app that would only apply to public transit in Seattle.
Likelihood rating
Number of Responses
1 (very unlikely)
2
10
12
3
8
4
20
5 (very likely)
20
Average =3.42 (somewhat likely)
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Discoverability of Public Transit
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Respondents primarily learned of public transit systems in the cities they visited online
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Word of mouth and signage were other popular discoverability methods
How did you learn about public transit in Seattle?
Method of Discoverability
Number of Responses
Online
55
Word of mouth
Signage
31
28
Motivations for Using Public Transit
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Sustainable and reliable method of exploring new cities
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Eliminates the stress of driving and parking
Personals & Journey Maps
Based on our research and findings we were able to create two personas and journey maps to guide the design of our solution.
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Persona and user journey map for Cheri Tanaka, a stay at home mom
visiting Seattle from Vancouver Canada with her family.
Persona and user journey map for Raj Arya, a software engineer
visiting Seattle with his fiancée from San Francisco.
Ideation & Prototyping
Design Requirements ​
Once we understood the frustrations and desires of tourists we formulated a set of design requirements to ensure our solution offered the best experience possible.
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Provide a payment method that is faster and easier to use than cash or payment kiosks
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Provide navigation between locations and a seamless purchasing experience simultaneously
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Suggest routes to popular tourist destinations
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Matching representations of digital and physical tickets
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Real time transportation status updates
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Sketching
With our design requirement in mind we each made some sketches to test out different ways of addressing them.

My sketches of various components of the app including navigation, trip planner, popular attractions, ticket purchase, and ticket wallet
Low Fidelity Prototype
We decided the best way forward was to design a new application geared toward tourists that would work for locals as well in stead of redesigning the existing app. In addition to ticket purchasing our app also includes an explore feature to help tourists navigate the city and discover new places.
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We created a low fidelity prototype to explore how features might integrate with each other and test the overall user flow of our app. Our trip planner feature was more visual and included a map because tourists valued the familiarity of rideshare apps. Our prototype also highlights a seamless ticket purchasing experience addressing the usability issues found in the original Transit Go Ticket App.
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Trip Planner
This is the first thing users see once the app opens. Suggested transit routes populate after a destination is entered.
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Cart & Save
The cart is where tickets an be purchased for immediate use or saved for later.
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Ticket Wallet
Stores tickets until they are activated and used, additional information about the route can be viewed such as real time bus arrivals.
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Store
If users know exactly what kind of tickets they want to purchase for example, a Link Light Rail ticket they can navigate directly to the store.
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Explore
This feature suggests popular sites and attractions close by based on a user's current location.
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Evaluation
Usability Testing
We conducted five usability tests with our low fidelity prototype. These tests provided us with insights regarding what a user prioritizes when purchasing a ticket on a mobile platform. We also learned which aspects of our design were not intuitive and where improvements could be made.
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The feedback we received focused on three areas: purchasing experience, role of clear naming conventions, and use of visual feedback. Participants suggested having a "+1" appear when new items were added to the cart. Originally, 'saved routes' was an intermediary step before adding items to the cart. However, we learned this was more confusing and unnecessary from the usability tests.
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It was interesting to learn about user preferences when it came to naming conventions and how it factors into the overall app experience. People were confused about the distinction between 'Add to Cart' and 'Checkout.' To reduce this confusion we changed 'Add to Cart' to 'Save for Later,' remaining consistent with other online purchasing platforms.
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Lastly, the tests helped us understand the importance of visuals cues when designing a seamless experience. For example, visual feedback appearing instantly after adding an item to the cart. We carefully considered important touch points that required more visual cues in our high fidelity prototype.
Iteration
High Fidelity Prototype
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Trip Planner
This is the first thing users see once the app opens. Suggested transit routes populate after a destination is entered.
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Buying a Ticket via Trip Planner
Once a route is selected, users can specify the type and quantity of tickets they want to purchase. Tickets can be shared and sent to others via email or text message.
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Buying a Ticket via the Store
Tickets can be purchased directly from the store if users know what tickets they need such as a Link Light Rail ticket.
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Explore
Allows users to filter nearby popular sites and attractions. Users can learn more about each place and find transit routes to get there from their current location.
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Implementation
A while after we wrapped up this project I opened the live Transit Go Ticket mobile app and noticed the implementation of our recommended design changes to the Trip Planning Feature.
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Trip planning feature design of the original
Transit Go Ticket mobile app
Updated trip planning feature design of the Transit Go Ticket mobile app after Go Seattle
Recommended trip planning feature design
by Go Seattle
Reflection
This project was a unique experience compared to other projects. It was a pleasure to work with my teammates, mentors, and sponsors (King County Metro, Seattle Sound Transit, and the University of Washington Mobility Innovation Center). Collaborating with our industry partners who did not have a background in user centered design was enlightening. I learned how multifaceted projects can be, especially in the space of public transportation. Various stakeholder groups, direct and indirect alike made it challenging to design a solution that met all of their needs. It makes me appreciate how well Seattle's public transportation system currently operates and sympathize with those who work behind the scenes when operations are not as smooth.
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Working with tourists as our user group was challenging, exciting, and a little intimidating. Conducting this type of research in the field and approaching strangers required significant mental and physical energy. Despite the high energy demands this research was the most fun to conduct.
Meet the Team

Pictured L-R: Madisen Arurang, Aylee Neff, Michael Palomo, Savong Tan